Right now, El Paso’s drier than an cow bone baking in the Chihuahuan Desert, and an important source of water for drinking and farming has shrunk into the sandy puddle you see below.
The vast desolation of the Elephant Butte Reservoir — named so not because of the presence of pachyderms, but due to a hump in the landscape vaguely shaped like a hulking animal — is a weighty concern for residents of El Paso, who get about half their water from it. During flush times in the late 1980s and ’90s, the ‘phant contained nearly 2.2 million acre-feet of agua and was the largest reservoir in New Mexico. Today, however, it holds only 3 percent of that amount (65,057 acre-feet) and is at its lowest level in four decades.
Here it was in June 1994 at 89 percent capacity (larger version). The development at bottom-right is the beginning of the awesomely named town of Truth or Consequences:
And this was the sorry state of the reservoir on July 8 of this year (larger):
These images, produced by the Landsat satellite program, reveal the wasting effects of a rough drought. The winter and spring did not see much snow melting in the mountains, an important source of water for lower-lying communities, and stingy skies are holding onto much of the rain. Add 90 to 100 degree temperatures to the mix, and it’s easy to see why New Mexico is currently the driest state in America, with about 80 percent of the land locked in the most threatening categories of drought.
In other not-so-great news, miles-long areas of the two biggest rivers in the state, the Pecos and the Rio Grande, have started drying out during recent summers. Laura Paskus of the Santa Fe Reporter has this account of the disturbing development:
When I first started reporting — and was shocked that New Mexico’s two largest rivers were running dry — some of my sources were blasé about it. The 1950s, people would say: That was a bad drought. For seven years, the state received less than 12 inches of annual rainfall; for three of those years, less than nine inches. Crops failed, farmers went under — and in some places, underground aquifers still haven’t recovered.
Things got better, for a while. During the 1980s and ’90s, rainfall was plentiful by desert standards. Most people set fears of drought aside, even as scientists began warning about the problems climate change would cause in the southwestern United States.
Now in its third year of drought, New Mexico has surpassed the bad old days of the 1950s. The past 24 months are the driest on record — in the eight months since October 2012, Albuquerque has received less than an inch of rain — and the region is warmer now than it was 50 years ago. That means snow melts faster and earlier, soils are drier, agricultural crops and riparian plants alike need more water, and water evaporates more quickly from reservoirs.
New Mexicans are trying to fight the desertification of their state by drilling new wells into the aquifer and asking everybody to restrict their water usage. El Paso is also relying heavily on a desalination plant that draws and sterilizes brackish water underneath the Army’s Fort Bliss. The water just doesn’t seem to stick around for long — look at how fast the Rio Grande dries out after a storm in this video that’s also from the Santa Fe Reporter:
[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=UBsHt11dNPs]Here are the larger versions of the two Elephant images mentioned above. From 1994:
This year:
This story was produced by Atlantic Cities as part of the Climate Desk collaboration.
